一 | 8 月 25 日消息，路透社今天（8 月 25 日）发布博文，报道称 WikiHow 于 8 月 21 日向美国曼哈顿联邦法院提交诉讼，指控 OpenAI 其未经许可抓取超过 11,000 篇教程文章，用于训练 ChatGPT 及 GPT 大型语言模型，并侵犯至少 1,200 项已注册版权。 Colombo, Oct 20 (UNI) Amid growing criticism, Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe has justified a hike in income tax for both corporates and individuals, saying it was for the greater good of the country and critical to garner much needed financial support from the international community.
In an address to the nation, the President said the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with which the government has signed a Staff Level Agreement for a $2.9 billion four-year financial support, advised the need for a surplus in Sri Lanka’s primary budget, the Daily FT reported on Thursday.
“It was agreed to since the country needs the support of the IMF,” he was quoted him as saying.
“It was also decided to increase the country’s income from 8.5 per cent to 14.5 per cent of the GDP. However, it is a difficult task to accomplish immediately, it is envisaged to achieve this by 2026.
"Initially, a decision had to be taken on the manner in which the income is to be increased. Money was printed due to the decrease in income. During the past two years, Rs. 2,300 billion has been printed, resulting in inflation rising to 70-75 per cent and even more in respect of food inflation," he said.
Wickremesinghe said these increases need to be controlled, while securing income. Therefore, during the discussions with the IMF a new tax system was proposed. The IMF informed that even the export industries would be required to pay taxes.
The IMF pointed out that in countries with an export economy, the related industries were liable for tax. The IMF also upheld that Sri Lanka’s primary export economy is based on the plantation industry.
During British rule, taxes were charged from every plantation sector, including tea, coconut and rubber. Therefore, if the country has to move towards that goal, taxes will have to be paid. The export sector has now questioned this aspect and the related concerns are to be submitted to the IMF.
Referring to the issue of higher personal income taxation, the President said the majority of tax revenue was through indirect taxation. The majority of the country’s citizens, even those below the poverty line, had no choice but to pay indirect taxes, the President said.
The direct tax revenue was 20 per cent and 80 per cent has been derived from indirect taxes.
The IMF had reservations in this regard and said the amount of tax obtained through direct taxes should exceed 20 per cent. The IMF noted that otherwise this would not be successful and ordinary citizens would need to pay taxes, the President said.
Therefore, the Treasury and the IMF discussed the possibility of limiting the taxation from those who have an income of Rs. 200,000, which did not materialise. Eventually, this resulted in the decision to levy income tax on people earning over 100,000. This has become a vital concern amongst citizens.
But without this tax system, the desired goal will not be achieved. The agreed goal is to achieve 14.5-15 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) revenue by 2026, Wickremesinghe said.
If Sri Lanka withdraws from this programme, IMF assistance will not be received. Without IMF certification, the support of institutions such as the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and the countries that have supported financially will not be forthcoming. Then, Sri Lanka will be back to the era of queues, he warned.
In his address, Wickremesinghe also said the Government was ready to implement prudent economic management after successful debt restructuring.
He noted that it was not possible to strengthen the economy without increasing the revenue of the country, which will compel him to reluctantly make tough decisions in order to rebuild the nation.
The President pointed out how in November 2019, the country’s taxes were drastically reduced, reducing the government revenue to 8.5 per cent. This was when the IMF set aside the agreements with Colombo and declared that it was unable to provide the agreed assistance.
"That year the government lost approximately Rs. 600-700 billion as revenue. Simultaneously, the country had to face the Covid-19 pandemic. These issues are the main factors that led to the collapse of Sri Lanka’s economy.
"The country at this juncture is facing a difficult period. Expectedly tough decisions have to be taken during these difficult times. I undertook this challenge when no one else was willing to come forward."
UNI MR。注：WikiHow 是全球最大的协作式“怎么做”（How-to）生活指南百科网站，目标是建立全球最实用、最全面的万事指南，让所有人都能学做任何事。WikiHow 在诉状中称，OpenAI 爬取的文章涵盖多个主题，涵盖日常任务到专业技能。OpenAI 大规模复制这些内容后，ChatGPT 可根据用户提示复现 WikiHow 文本，并生成相同主题的教程。在诉讼文件中，WikiHow 指出：这些模型在吸收了 wikiHow 的文章后，现在能够以远低于研究、撰写和编辑 wikiHow 文章所需的时间、精力和成本，制作出与 wikiHow 文章竞争的同类教程内容。这种替代做法减少了 wikiHow 的收入，随着时间的推移，它甚至失去了继续制作文章的动力。诉状指控 OpenAI 至少侵犯 1,200 项 WikiHow 已注册版权。WikiHow 要求法院判令 OpenAI 赔偿，但没有说明具体金额；同时要求法院发布禁令，阻止 OpenAI 继续侵犯其版权。OpenAI 发言人 8 月 24 日回应称，公司模型“使用公开数据训练，并以合理使用为基础”。WikiHow 的发言人和律师没有立即回应媒体置评请求。
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